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  1. Date: Wed,  9 Mar 94 03:59:15 PST
  2. From: Info-Hams Mailing List and Newsgroup <info-hams@ucsd.edu>
  3. Errors-To: Info-Hams-Errors@UCSD.Edu
  4. Reply-To: Info-Hams@UCSD.Edu
  5. Precedence: Bulk
  6. Subject: Info-Hams Digest V94 #266
  7. To: Info-Hams
  8.  
  9.  
  10. Info-Hams Digest            Wed,  9 Mar 94       Volume 94 : Issue  266
  11.  
  12. Today's Topics:
  13.             Digest of Articles - QST Feb 1993 (Long - 40k)
  14.                       IPS Daily Report 08 03 94
  15.                     Keyboards at testing sessions
  16.               W1AW ET schedule in postscript [1/1] (uue)
  17.  
  18. Send Replies or notes for publication to: <Info-Hams@UCSD.Edu>
  19. Send subscription requests to: <Info-Hams-REQUEST@UCSD.Edu>
  20. Problems you can't solve otherwise to brian@ucsd.edu.
  21.  
  22. Archives of past issues of the Info-Hams Digest are available 
  23. (by FTP only) from UCSD.Edu in directory "mailarchives/info-hams".
  24.  
  25. We trust that readers are intelligent enough to realize that all text
  26. herein consists of personal comments and does not represent the official
  27. policies or positions of any party.  Your mileage may vary.  So there.
  28. ----------------------------------------------------------------------
  29.  
  30. Date: 9 Mar 1994 11:38:20 GMT
  31. From: ihnp4.ucsd.edu!agate!howland.reston.ans.net!math.ohio-state.edu!magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu!wvanhorn@network.ucsd.edu
  32. Subject: Digest of Articles - QST Feb 1993 (Long - 40k)
  33. To: info-hams@ucsd.edu
  34.  
  35. Greg WA9EVY wrote:
  36.  
  37. >The digest is too large for my mailer to digest. Can someone put this
  38. >on an FTP or Gopher somewhere?
  39.  
  40. These postings are (or soon will be) available, courtesy of the Boston
  41. ARC, at ftp.std.com.  For info, contact Scott Ehrlich via wy1z@neu.edu.
  42. I believe they will also be at several other ftp sites.
  43.  
  44. 73, Van - W8UOF
  45. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  46. *   It ain't wot you don't know 't gets you into trouble.   *
  47. *   It's wot you know 't ain't true. - "Mr. Dooley"         *
  48. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
  49. wvanhorn@magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu
  50.  
  51. ------------------------------
  52.  
  53. Date: Tue, 8 Mar 1994 23:13:09 GMT
  54. From: ihnp4.ucsd.edu!munnari.oz.au!newshost.anu.edu.au!sserve!usage!metro!ipso!rwc@network.ucsd.edu
  55. Subject: IPS Daily Report 08 03 94
  56. To: info-hams@ucsd.edu
  57.  
  58. IPS RADIO AND SPACE SERVICES AUSTRALIA
  59. Daily Solar And Geophysical Report
  60. Issued at 2330 UT 8 March 1994
  61. Summary for 8 March and Forecast up to 11 March
  62. IPS Warning 07 was issued on 02 March and expires today.
  63. -----------------------------------------------------------
  64.  
  65. 1A. SOLAR SUMMARY
  66. Activity: very low
  67.  
  68. Flares: none.
  69.  
  70. Observed 10.7 cm flux/Equivalent Sunspot Number : 091/036
  71.  
  72. 1B. SOLAR FORECAST
  73.              09 March           10 March           11 March
  74. Activity     Very low           Very low           Very low
  75. Fadeouts     None expected      None expected      None expected
  76.  
  77. Forecast 10.7 cm flux/Equivalent Sunspot Number : 090/034
  78.  
  79. 1C. SOLAR COMMENT
  80. None.
  81. -----------------------------------------------------------
  82.  
  83. 2A. MAGNETIC SUMMARY
  84. Geomagnetic field at Learmonth : active to minor storm
  85.  
  86. Estimated Indices : A   K           Observed A Index 7 March
  87.     Learmonth       33  4444 5553
  88.     Fredericksburg  35                          37
  89.     Planetary       55                          55
  90.  
  91.  
  92. 2B. MAGNETIC FORECAST 
  93. DATE      Ap    CONDITIONS
  94. 09 Mar    30    Active.
  95. 10 Mar    20    Unsettled to active.
  96. 11 Mar    20    Unsettled.
  97.  
  98. 2C. MAGNETIC COMMENT
  99. None.
  100.  
  101. 3A. GLOBAL HF PROPAGATION SUMMARY
  102.                 LATITUDE BAND
  103. DATE        LOW            MIDDLE         HIGH 
  104. 08 Mar      normal         normal         poor-fair      
  105. PCA Event : None.
  106. 3B. GLOBAL HF PROPAGATION FORECAST
  107.                 LATITUDE BAND
  108. DATE        LOW            MIDDLE         HIGH 
  109. 09 Mar      fair           poor           poor
  110. 10 Mar      normal         fair           poor
  111. 11 Mar      normal         fair           poor
  112. 3C. GLOBAL HF PROPAGATION COMMENT
  113. Degraded HF comms are expected early today with an improvement
  114. by the end of the day. High lat HF comms will be slower to
  115. recover and may not show an improvement until tommorrow.
  116.  
  117. -----------------------------------------------------------
  118.  
  119. 4A. AUSTRALIAN REGION IONOSPHERIC SUMMARY
  120. MUFs at Sydney were about 30% below predicted monthly values
  121.  
  122. T index: -23
  123.  
  124. 4B. AUSTRALIAN REGION IONOSPHERIC FORECAST
  125. DATE   T-index  MUFs
  126. 09 Mar     5    About 15% below predicted monthly values.
  127. 10 Mar    20    About 10% below predicted monthly values.
  128. 11 Mar    30    Near predicted monthly values.
  129.  
  130. Predicted Monthly T Index for March is 40.
  131.  
  132. 4C. AUSTRALIAN REGION COMMENT
  133. Ionospheric conditions for today are expected to poor
  134. initially, then showing some improvement by this afternoon.
  135. -- 
  136. IPS Regional Warning Centre, Sydney           |IPS Radio and Space Services
  137. email: rwc@ips.oz.au                          |PO Box 5606
  138. tel: +61 2 4148329                            |West Chatswood NSW 2057
  139. fax: +61 2 4148331                            |AUSTRALIA
  140.  
  141. ------------------------------
  142.  
  143. Date: 9 Mar 1994 11:43:42 GMT
  144. From: yale.edu!noc.near.net!news.delphi.com!gilbaronw0mn@yale.arpa
  145. Subject: Keyboards at testing sessions
  146. To: info-hams@ucsd.edu
  147.  
  148. >In article <2lg5vo$err@news.delphi.com> mahjmac@news.delphi.com
  149. (MAHJMAC@DELPHI.COM) writes:
  150. >>>Just couldn't resist adding to his thread.  Copying by typewriter has
  151. been
  152. >is not a good code in those respects. It was designed, rather haphazardly,
  153. >in an era before a good understanding of information theory existed.
  154. >And it was designed for use on essentially noiseless and interference
  155. >free wire lines. It's use over radio is more of a historical accident
  156. >than an intelligent choice.
  157.  
  158. On the other hand it is a very efficient code. Since it is variable lenght
  159. it is kind of a built in compression. The most used letters have the fewest
  160. elements. It is much more efficient than ascii, baudot and other fixed
  161. length codes. It is also very precise as toi length and timing by
  162. defintions. If it is machine sent it is one of the best codes around and was
  163. created many years ago.
  164.  
  165.  
  166.                    Gil Baron, El Baron Rojo, W0MN Rochester,MN
  167.                    "Bailar es Vivir"
  168.                    PGP2.3 key at key servers or upon request
  169.  
  170. ------------------------------
  171.  
  172. Date: Tue, 8 Mar 1994 09:52:12 -0700
  173. From: ihnp4.ucsd.edu!swrinde!gatech!newsxfer.itd.umich.edu!nntp.cs.ubc.ca!alberta!ve6mgs!usenet@network.ucsd.edu
  174. Subject: W1AW ET schedule in postscript [1/1] (uue)
  175. To: info-hams@ucsd.edu
  176.  
  177. W1AW practice code schedule for Eastern Time Zone in postscript format
  178.  
  179. ------------------------------------ <snip>
  180. begin 644 w1awsked.ps
  181. M!"4A4%,M061O8F4M,RXP"B4E0W)E871O<CH@5VEN9&]W<R!04T-225!4"B4E
  182. M5&ET;&4Z($%M:2!0<F\@+2 H56YT:71L960I"B4E0F]U;F1I;F=";W@Z(#$X
  183. M(#D@-3DS(#<X- HE)41O8W5M96YT3F5E9&5D4F5S;W5R8V5S.B H871E;F0I
  184. M"B4E1&]C=6UE;G13=7!P;&EE9%)E<V]U<F-E<SH@*&%T96YD*0HE)5!A9V5S
  185. M.B H871E;F0I"B4E0F5G:6Y297-O=7)C93H@<')O8W-E="!7:6XS-41I8W0@
  186. M,R Q"B]7:6XS-41I8W0@,CDP(&1I8W0@9&5F(%=I;C,U1&EC="!B96=I;B]B
  187. M9'MB:6YD(&1E9GUB:6YD(&1E9B]I;GLW,@IM=6Q]8F0O961[97AC:"!D969]
  188. M8F0O;&1[;&]A9"!D969]8F0O='(O=')A;G-L871E(&QD+V=S+V=S879E(&QD
  189. M+V=R"B]G<F5S=&]R92!L9"]-+VUO=F5T;R!L9"],+VQI;F5T;R!L9"]R;70O
  190. M<FUO=F5T;R!L9"]R;'0O<FQI;F5T;R!L9 HO<F-T+W)C=7)V971O(&QD+W-T
  191. M+W-T<F]K92!L9"]N+VYE=W!A=&@@;&0O<VTO<V5T;6%T<FEX(&QD+V-M+V-U
  192. M<G)E;G1M871R:7@*;&0O8W O8VQO<V5P871H(&QD+T%20R]A<F-N(&QD+U12
  193. M>S8U-3,V(&1I=GUB9"]L:B]S971L:6YE:F]I;B!L9"]L8PHO<V5T;&EN96-A
  194. M<"!L9"]M;"]S971M:71E<FQI;6ET(&QD+W-L+W-E=&QI;F5W:61T:"!L9"]S
  195. M8VEG;F]R92!F86QS90ID968O<V-[<V-I9VYO<F5[<&]P('!O<"!P;W!]>S @
  196. M:6YD97@@,B!I;F1E>"!E<2 R(&EN9&5X(#0@:6YD97@@97$*86YD>W!O<"!P
  197. M;W @,C4U(&1I=B!S971G<F%Y?7LS>S(U-2!D:78@,R Q(')O;&Q]<F5P96%T
  198. M('-E=')G8F-O;&]R?6EF96QS97UI9F5L<V5]8F0*+T9#>V)2(&)'(&)"('-C
  199. M?6)D+V9#>R]B0B!E9"]B1R!E9"]B4B!E9'UB9"](0WMH4B!H1R!H0B!S8WUB
  200. M9"]H0WL*+VA"(&5D+VA'(&5D+VA2(&5D?6)D+U!#>W!2('!'('!"('-C?6)D
  201. M+W!#>R]P0B!E9"]P1R!E9"]P4B!E9'UB9"]S30IM871R:7@@9&5F+U!E;E<@
  202. M,2!D968O:5!E;B U(&1E9B]M>$8@;6%T<FEX(&1E9B]M>$4@;6%T<FEX(&1E
  203. M9B]M>%5%"FUA=')I>"!D968O;7A51B!M871R:7@@9&5F+V9"12!F86QS92!D
  204. M968O:41E=E)E<R W,B P(&UA=')I>"!D969A=6QT;6%T<FEX"F1T<F%N<V9O
  205. M<FT@9'5P(&UU;"!E>&-H(&1U<"!M=6P@861D('-Q<G0@9&5F+V904"!F86QS
  206. M92!D968O4U-[9E!0>PHO4U8@<V%V92!D969]>V=S?6EF96QS97UB9"]24WMF
  207. M4%![4U8@<F5S=&]R97U[9W)]:69E;'-E?6)D+T5*>V=S879E"G-H;W=P86=E
  208. M(&=R97-T;W)E?6)D+R-#>W5S97)D:6-T(&)E9VEN+R-C;W!I97,@960@96YD
  209. M?6)D+T9%8G5F(#(@<W1R:6YG"F1E9B]&16=L>7!H*$<@("ED968O1D5[,2!E
  210. M>&-H>V1U<" Q-B!&16)U9B!C=G)S($9%9VQY<&@@97AC:" Q(&5X8V@*<'5T
  211. M:6YT97)V86P@,2!I;F1E>"!E>&-H($9%9VQY<&@@8W9N('!U='UF;W)]8F0O
  212. M4TU[+VE297,@960O8WE0(&5D"B]C>%!G(&5D+V-Y32!E9"]C>$T@960@-S(@
  213. M,3 P(&1I=B!D=7 @<V-A;&4@9'5P(# @;F5[.3 @97%[8WE-(&5X8V@*,"!E
  214. M<7MC>$T@97AC:"!T<B M.3 @<F]T871E("TQ(#$@<V-A;&5]>V-X32!C>%!G
  215. M(&%D9"!E>&-H('1R("LY,"!R;W1A=&5]:69E;'-E?7MC>5 *8WE-('-U8B!E
  216. M>&-H(# @;F5[8WA-(&5X8V@@='(@+3DP(')O=&%T97U[8WA-(&-X4&<@861D
  217. M(&5X8V@@='(@+3DP"G)O=&%T92 Q("TQ('-C86QE?6EF96QS97UI9F5L<V5]
  218. M>W!O<"!C>5 @8WE-('-U8B!E>&-H(# @;F5[8WA-(&-X4&<*861D(&5X8V@@
  219. M='(@,3@P(')O=&%T97U[8WA-(&5X8V@@='(@,2 M,2!S8V%L97UI9F5L<V5]
  220. M:69E;'-E(#$P,"!I4F5S"F1I=B!D=7 @<V-A;&4@," P('1R86YS9F]R;2 N
  221. M,C4@861D(')O=6YD("XR-2!S=6(@97AC:" N,C4@861D(')O=6YD"BXR-2!S
  222. M=6(@97AC:"!I=')A;G-F;W)M('1R86YS;&%T97UB9"]32GLQ(&EN9&5X(# @
  223. M97%[<&]P('!O<"]F0D4@9F%L<V4*9&5F?7LQ(&EN9&5X+T)R96%K(&5D(&1I
  224. M=B]D>$)R96%K(&5D+V9"12!T<G5E(&1E9GUI9F5L<V5]8F0O04Y3259E8UL*
  225. M,38C,"]G<F%V92 Q-B,Q+V%C=71E(#$V(S(O8VER8W5M9FQE>" Q-B,S+W1I
  226. M;&1E(#$V(S0O;6%C<F]N(#$V(S4O8G)E=F4*,38C-B]D;W1A8V-E;G0@,38C
  227. M-R]D:65R97-I<R Q-B,X+W)I;F<@,38C.2]C961I;&QA(#$V(T$O:'5N9V%R
  228. M=6UL875T"C$V(T(O;V=O;F5K(#$V(T,O8V%R;VX@,38C1"]D;W1L97-S:2 Q
  229. M-B,R-R]Q=6]T97-I;F=L92 Q-B,V,"]G<F%V90HQ-B,W0R]B87(@,38C.#(O
  230. M<75O=&5S:6YG;&)A<V4@,38C.#,O9FQO<FEN(#$V(S@T+W%U;W1E9&)L8F%S
  231. M92 Q-B,X-0HO96QL:7!S:7,@,38C.#8O9&%G9V5R(#$V(S@W+V1A9V=E<F1B
  232. M;" Q-B,X.2]P97)T:&]U<V%N9" Q-B,X02]38V%R;VX*,38C.$(O9W5I;'-I
  233. M;F=L;&5F=" Q-B,X0R]/12 Q-B,Y,2]Q=6]T96QE9G0@,38C.3(O<75O=&5R
  234. M:6=H=" Q-B,Y,PHO<75O=&5D8FQL969T(#$V(SDT+W%U;W1E9&)L<FEG:'0@
  235. M,38C.34O8G5L;&5T(#$V(SDV+V5N9&%S:" Q-B,Y-PHO96UD87-H(#$V(SDY
  236. M+W1R861E;6%R:R Q-B,Y02]S8V%R;VX@,38C.4(O9W5I;'-I;F=L<FEG:'0@
  237. M,38C.4,O;V4*,38C.48O661I97)E<VES(#$V(T$P+W-P86-E(#$V(T$T+V-U
  238. M<G)E;F-Y(#$V(T$V+V)R;VME;F)A<B Q-B-!-R]S96-T:6]N"C$V(T$X+V1I
  239. M97)E<VES(#$V(T$Y+V-O<'ER:6=H=" Q-B-!02]O<F1F96UI;FEN92 Q-B-!
  240. M0B]G=6EL;&5M;W1L969T"C$V(T%#+VQO9VEC86QN;W0@,38C040O:'EP:&5N
  241. M(#$V(T%%+W)E9VES=&5R960@,38C048O;6%C<F]N(#$V(T(P+V1E9W)E90HQ
  242. M-B-",2]P;'5S;6EN=7,@,38C0C(O='=O<W5P97)I;W(@,38C0C,O=&AR965S
  243. M=7!E<FEO<B Q-B-"-"]A8W5T92 Q-B-"-0HO;74@,38C0C8O<&%R86=R87!H
  244. M(#$V(T(W+W!E<FEO9&-E;G1E<F5D(#$V(T(X+V-E9&EL;&$@,38C0CDO;VYE
  245. M<W5P97)I;W(*,38C0D$O;W)D;6%S8W5L:6YE(#$V(T)"+V=U:6QL96UO=')I
  246. M9VAT(#$V(T)#+V]N97%U87)T97(@,38C0D0O;VYE:&%L9@HQ-B-"12]T:')E
  247. M97%U87)T97)S(#$V(T)&+W%U97-T:6]N9&]W;B Q-B-#,"]!9W)A=F4@,38C
  248. M0S$O06%C=71E(#$V(T,R"B]!8VER8W5M9FQE>" Q-B-#,R]!=&EL9&4@,38C
  249. M0S0O061I97)E<VES(#$V(T,U+T%R:6YG(#$V(T,V+T%%(#$V(T,W"B]#8V5D
  250. M:6QL82 Q-B-#."]%9W)A=F4@,38C0SDO16%C=71E(#$V(T-!+T5C:7)C=6UF
  251. M;&5X(#$V(T-"+T5D:65R97-I<PHQ-B-#0R])9W)A=F4@,38C0T0O26%C=71E
  252. M(#$V(T-%+TEC:7)C=6UF;&5X(#$V(T-&+TED:65R97-I<R Q-B-$,"]%=&@*
  253. M,38C1#$O3G1I;&1E(#$V(T0R+T]G<F%V92 Q-B-$,R]/86-U=&4@,38C1#0O
  254. M3V-I<F-U;69L97@@,38C1#4O3W1I;&1E"C$V(T0V+T]D:65R97-I<R Q-B-$
  255. M-R]M=6QT:7!L>2 Q-B-$."]/<VQA<V@@,38C1#DO56=R879E(#$V(T1!+U5A
  256. M8W5T90HQ-B-$0B]58VER8W5M9FQE>" Q-B-$0R]59&EE<F5S:7,@,38C1$0O
  257. M66%C=71E(#$V(T1%+U1H;W)N(#$V(T1&+V=E<FUA;F1B;',*,38C13 O86=R
  258. M879E(#$V(T4Q+V%A8W5T92 Q-B-%,B]A8VER8W5M9FQE>" Q-B-%,R]A=&EL
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  435. M5$A5*2 Q,#,@4T(*9W(*9W,@,C$W,B S,C,Q(# @,"!#0@HQ-C@X(#0T,R W
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  456. M0@IG<@IG<R R,3<R(#,R,S$@," P($-""C$R,#,@-C<U(#$Q,B H0U="*2 Q
  457. M,3(@4T(*9W(*9W,@,C$W,B S,C,Q(# @,"!#0@HQ-#0U(#8W-2 Q,3(@*$-7
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  463. M(# @,"!#0@HQ,C S(#<U,B Q,S$@*%1464(I(#$S,2!30@IG<@IG<R R,3<R
  464. M(#,R,S$@," P($-""C$T-#4@-S4R(#$S,2 H5%190BD@,3,Q(%-""F=R"F=S
  465. M(#(Q-S(@,S(S,2 P(# @0T(*,38X." W-3(@,3,Q("A45%E"*2 Q,S$@4T(*
  466. M9W(*9W,@,C$W,B S,C,Q(# @,"!#0@HR.30@.#(Y(#$V-" H-#HP,"!P;2D@
  467. M,38T(%-""F=R"F=S(#(Q-S(@,S(S,2 P(# @0T(*-#<V(#@R.2 X.2 H4T-0
  468. M*2 X.2!30@IG<@IG<R R,3<R(#,R,S$@," P($-""C<Q.2 X,CD@.#@@*$9#
  469. M4"D@.#@@4T(*9W(*9W,@,C$W,B S,C,Q(# @,"!#0@HY-C$@.#(Y(#@Y("A3
  470. M0U I(#@Y(%-""F=R"F=S(#(Q-S(@,S(S,2 P(# @0T(*,3(P,R X,CD@.#@@
  471. M*$9#4"D@.#@@4T(*9W(*9W,@,C$W,B S,C,Q(# @,"!#0@HQ-#0U(#@R.2 X
  472. M.2 H4T-0*2 X.2!30@IG<@IG<R R,3<R(#,R,S$@," P($-""C$V.#@@.#(Y
  473. M(#@X("A&0U I(#@X(%-""F=R"F=S(#(Q-S(@,S(S,2 P(# @0T(*,3DS," X
  474. M,CD@.#D@*%-#4"D@.#D@4T(*9W(*9W,@,C$W,B S,C,Q(# @,"!#0@HR.30@
  475. M.3 V(#$V-" H-3HP,"!P;2D@,38T(%-""F=R"F=S(#(Q-S(@,S(S,2 P(# @
  476. M0T(*-#<V(#DP-B Q,3(@*$-70BD@,3$R(%-""F=R"F=S(#(Q-S(@,S(S,2 P
  477. M(# @0T(*-S$Y(#DP-B Q,3(@*$-70BD@,3$R(%-""F=R"F=S(#(Q-S(@,S(S
  478. M,2 P(# @0T(*.38Q(#DP-B Q,3(@*$-70BD@,3$R(%-""F=R"F=S(#(Q-S(@
  479. M,S(S,2 P(# @0T(*,3(P,R Y,#8@,3$R("A#5T(I(#$Q,B!30@IG<@IG<R R
  480. M,3<R(#,R,S$@," P($-""C$T-#4@.3 V(#$Q,B H0U="*2 Q,3(@4T(*9W(*
  481. M9W,@,C$W,B S,C,Q(# @,"!#0@HQ-C@X(#DP-B Q,3(@*$-70BD@,3$R(%-"
  482. M"F=R"F=S(#(Q-S(@,S(S,2 P(# @0T(*,3DS," Y,#8@,3$R("A#5T(I(#$Q
  483. M,B!30@IG<@IG<R R,3<R(#,R,S$@," P($-""C(Y-" Y.#,@,38T("@V.C P
  484. M('!M*2 Q-C0@4T(*9W(*9W,@,C$W,B S,C,Q(# @,"!#0@HT-S8@.3@S(#$S
  485. M,2 H5%190BD@,3,Q(%-""F=R"F=S(#(Q-S(@,S(S,2 P(# @0T(*-S$Y(#DX
  486. M,R Q,S$@*%1464(I(#$S,2!30@IG<@IG<R R,3<R(#,R,S$@," P($-""CDV
  487. M,2 Y.#,@,3,Q("A45%E"*2 Q,S$@4T(*9W(*9W,@,C$W,B S,C,Q(# @,"!#
  488. M0@HQ,C S(#DX,R Q,S$@*%1464(I(#$S,2!30@IG<@IG<R R,3<R(#,R,S$@
  489. M," P($-""C$T-#4@.3@S(#$S,2 H5%190BD@,3,Q(%-""F=R"F=S(#(Q-S(@
  490. M,S(S,2 P(# @0T(*,38X." Y.#,@,3,Q("A45%E"*2 Q,S$@4T(*9W(*9W,@
  491. M,C$W,B S,C,Q(# @,"!#0@HQ.3,P(#DX,R Q,S$@*%1464(I(#$S,2!30@IG
  492. M<@IG<R R,3<R(#,R,S$@," P($-""C(Y-" Q,#8P(#$V-" H-SHP,"!P;2D@
  493. M,38T(%-""F=R"F=S(#(Q-S(@,S(S,2 P(# @0T(*-#<V(#$P-C @.#@@*$9#
  494. M4"D@.#@@4T(*9W(*9W,@,C$W,B S,C,Q(# @,"!#0@HW,3D@,3 V," X.2 H
  495. M4T-0*2 X.2!30@IG<@IG<R R,3<R(#,R,S$@," P($-""CDV,2 Q,#8P(#@X
  496. M("A&0U I(#@X(%-""F=R"F=S(#(Q-S(@,S(S,2 P(# @0T(*,3(P,R Q,#8P
  497. M(#@Y("A30U I(#@Y(%-""F=R"F=S(#(Q-S(@,S(S,2 P(# @0T(*,30T-2 Q
  498. M,#8P(#@X("A&0U I(#@X(%-""F=R"F=S(#(Q-S(@,S(S,2 P(# @0T(*,38X
  499. M." Q,#8P(#@Y("A30U I(#@Y(%-""F=R"F=S(#(Q-S(@,S(S,2 P(# @0T(*
  500. M,3DS," Q,#8P(#@X("A&0U I(#@X(%-""F=R"F=S(#(Q-S(@,S(S,2 P(# @
  501. M0T(*,CDT(#$Q,S<@,38T("@X.C P('!M*2 Q-C0@4T(*9W(*9W,@,C$W,B S
  502. M,C,Q(# @,"!#0@HT-S8@,3$S-R Q,3(@*$-70BD@,3$R(%-""F=R"F=S(#(Q
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  504. M<R R,3<R(#,R,S$@," P($-""CDV,2 Q,3,W(#$Q,B H0U="*2 Q,3(@4T(*
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  510. M-" Q,C$T(#$V-" H.3HP,"!P;2D@,38T(%-""F=R"F=S(#(Q-S(@,S(S,2 P
  511. M(# @0T(*-#<V(#$R,30@,3,Q("A45%E"*2 Q,S$@4T(*9W(*9W,@,C$W,B S
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  513. M,3<R(#,R,S$@," P($-""CDV,2 Q,C$T(#$S,2 H5%190BD@,3,Q(%-""F=R
  514. M"F=S(#(Q-S(@,S(S,2 P(# @0T(*,3(P,R Q,C$T(#$S,2 H5%190BD@,3,Q
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  516. M0BD@,3,Q(%-""F=R"F=S(#(Q-S(@,S(S,2 P(# @0T(*,38X." Q,C$T(#$S
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  520. M(# @,"!#0@HT-S8@,3(Y,2 Q-3,@*%9/24-%*2 Q-3,@4T(*9W(*9W,@,C$W
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  523. M4T(*9W(*9W,@,C$W,B S,C,Q(# @,"!#0@HQ,C S(#$R.3$@,34S("A63TE#
  524. M12D@,34S(%-""F=R"F=S(#(Q-S(@,S(S,2 P(# @0T(*,30T-2 Q,CDQ(#$U
  525. M,R H5D])0T4I(#$U,R!30@IG<@IG<R R,3<R(#,R,S$@," P($-""C$V.#@@
  526. M,3(Y,2 Q-3,@*%9/24-%*2 Q-3,@4T(*9W(*9W,@,C$W,B S,C,Q(# @,"!#
  527. M0@HQ.3,P(#$R.3$@,34S("A63TE#12D@,34S(%-""F=R"F=S(#(Q-S(@,S(S
  528. M,2 P(# @0T(*,C8Y(#$S-C@@,3@Y("@Q,#HP,"!P;2D@,3@Y(%-""F=R"F=S
  529. M(#(Q-S(@,S(S,2 P(# @0T(*-#<V(#$S-C@@.#D@*%-#4"D@.#D@4T(*9W(*
  530. M9W,@,C$W,B S,C,Q(# @,"!#0@HW,3D@,3,V." X." H1D-0*2 X."!30@IG
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  532. M"F=R"F=S(#(Q-S(@,S(S,2 P(# @0T(*,3(P,R Q,S8X(#@X("A&0U I(#@X
  533. M(%-""F=R"F=S(#(Q-S(@,S(S,2 P(# @0T(*,30T-2 Q,S8X(#@Y("A30U I
  534. M(#@Y(%-""F=R"F=S(#(Q-S(@,S(S,2 P(# @0T(*,38X." Q,S8X(#@X("A&
  535. M0U I(#@X(%-""F=R"F=S(#(Q-S(@,S(S,2 P(# @0T(*,3DS," Q,S8X(#@Y
  536. M("A30U I(#@Y(%-""F=R"F=S(#(Q-S(@,S(S,2 P(# @0T(*,C8Y(#$T-#4@
  537. M,3@Y("@Q,3HP,"!P;2D@,3@Y(%-""F=R"F=S(#(Q-S(@,S(S,2 P(# @0T(*
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  539. M($-""C<Q.2 Q-#0U(#$Q,B H0U="*2 Q,3(@4T(*9W(*9W,@,C$W,B S,C,Q
  540. M(# @,"!#0@HY-C$@,30T-2 Q,3(@*$-70BD@,3$R(%-""F=R"F=S(#(Q-S(@
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  543. M<@IG<R R,3<R(#,R,S$@," P($-""C$V.#@@,30T-2 Q,3(@*$-70BD@,3$R
  544. M(%-""F=R"F=S(#(Q-S(@,S(S,2 P(# @0T(*,3DS," Q-#0U(#$Q,B H0U="
  545. M*2 Q,3(@4T(*9W(*9W,@,C$W,B S,C,Q(# @,"!#0@HR-CD@,34R,B Q.#D@
  546. M*#$R.C P('!M*2 Q.#D@4T(*9W(*9W,@,C$W,B S,C,Q(# @,"!#0@HT-S8@
  547. M,34R,B Q,S$@*%1464(I(#$S,2!30@IG<@IG<R R,3<R(#,R,S$@," P($-"
  548. M"C<Q.2 Q-3(R(#$S,2 H5%190BD@,3,Q(%-""F=R"F=S(#(Q-S(@,S(S,2 P
  549. M(# @0T(*.38Q(#$U,C(@,3,Q("A45%E"*2 Q,S$@4T(*9W(*9W,@,C$W,B S
  550. M,C,Q(# @,"!#0@HQ,C S(#$U,C(@,3,Q("A45%E"*2 Q,S$@4T(*9W(*9W,@
  551. M,C$W,B S,C,Q(# @,"!#0@HQ-#0U(#$U,C(@,3,Q("A45%E"*2 Q,S$@4T(*
  552. M9W(*9W,@,C$W,B S,C,Q(# @,"!#0@HQ-C@X(#$U,C(@,3,Q("A45%E"*2 Q
  553. M,S$@4T(*9W(*9W,@,C$W,B S,C,Q(# @,"!#0@HQ.3,P(#$U,C(@,3,Q("A4
  554. M5%E"*2 Q,S$@4T(*9W(*," P(# @9D,*+V9M(#(U-B!D968*,3<P," W(#0V
  555. M-R T,S,@0@HQ($8*;@HQ.3,W(#<@,C,P(#4P-2!""C$@1@IN"C$Y-#(@-R R
  556. M,C4@,34X-"!""C$@1@IN"C<@,3 X,R R,C4@-3 Y($(*,2!&"FX*-R Q,34U
  557. M(#0V,R T,S<@0@HQ($8*;@HW(#$Q-3D@-S U(#0S,R!""C$@1@IN"C<@,3$U
  558. M.2 Y-#@@-#,S($(*,2!&"FX*-R Q,34Y(#$Q.3 @-#,S($(*,2!&"FX*-R Q
  559. M,34Y(#$T,S(@-#,S($(*,2!&"FX*-R Q,34Y(#$V-S4@-#,S($(*,2!&"FX*
  560. M-R Q,34Y(#$Y,3<@-#,S($(*,2!&"FX*-R Q,34Y(#(Q-3D@-#,S($(*,2!&
  561. M"FX*,S(@," P(#4P(#4P(# @," P(#0U("]4:6UE<RU";VQD271A;&EC("]F
  562. M;VYT,S @04Y3249O;G0@9F]N= HR,C4@,38U." Q,#<@*$ME>3H@*2 Q,#<@
  563. M4T(*,S<U(#$V-3@@.3(@*%-#4"D@.3(@4T(*-3(U(#$V-3@@-#(V("@@(%-L
  564. M;W<@0V]D92!0<F%C=&EC92D@-#(V(%-""C$Q,C4@,38U." Y-R H1D-0*2 Y
  565. M-R!30@HQ,C<U(#$V-3@@-#$W("@@($9A<W0@0V]D92!0<F%C=&EC92D@-#$W
  566. M(%-""C,R(# @," U," U," P(# @," T-2 O5&EM97,M0F]L9$ET86QI8R O
  567. M9F]N=#,P($%.4TE&;VYT(&9O;G0*,S<U(#$W,38@,3$P("A#5T(I(#$Q,"!3
  568. M0@HU,C4@,3<Q-B R.#,@*" @0U<@0G5L;&5T:6XI(#(X,R!30@HQ,3(U(#$W
  569. M,38@,3(V("A45%E"*2 Q,C8@4T(*,3(W-2 Q-S$V(#(Y.2 H("!45%D@0G5L
  570. M;&5T:6XI(#(Y.2!30@HS,B P(# @-3 @-3 @," P(# @-#4@+U1I;65S+4)O
  571. M;&1)=&%L:6,@+V9O;G0S,"!!3E-)1F]N="!F;VYT"C,W-2 Q-S<T(#0W-B H
  572. M5D])0T4@(%9O:6-E($)U;&QE=&EN*2 T-S8@4T(*,S(@," P(#4P(#4P(#$@
  573. M," P(#0V("]4:6UE<RU";VQD("]F;VYT,CD@04Y3249O;G0@9F]N= HQ,#$S
  574. M(#$X.3 @,S<T("A&<F5Q=65N8VEE<R!5<V5D*2 S-S0@4T(*,S(@," P(#4P
  575. M(#4P(# @," P(#0U("]4:6UE<RU2;VUA;B O9F]N=#,R($%.4TE&;VYT(&9O
  576. M;G0*9W,@,C$V." S,C,Q(# @,"!#0@HR,S0@,C Q-B Q,S$@*%1464(I(#$S
  577. M,2!30@IG<@IG<R R,38X(#,R,S$@," P($-""C0Q." R,#$V(#$R-B H,RXV
  578. M,C4@*2 Q,C8@4T(*9W(*9W,@,C$V." S,C,Q(# @,"!#0@HU.#8@,C Q-B Q
  579. M,C8@*#<N,#DU("D@,3(V(%-""F=R"F=S(#(Q-C@@,S(S,2 P(# @0T(*-S4W
  580. M(#(P,38@,34Q("@Q-"XP.34@*2 Q-3$@4T(*9W(*9W,@,C$V." S,C,Q(# @
  581. M,"!#0@HY,C@@,C Q-B Q-S8@*#$X+C$P,C4@*2 Q-S8@4T(*9W(*9W,@,C$V
  582. M." S,C,Q(# @,"!#0@HQ,3,Y(#(P,38@,34Q("@R,2XP.34@*2 Q-3$@4T(*
  583. M9W(*9W,@,C$V." S,C,Q(# @,"!#0@HQ,S4Q(#(P,38@,34Q("@R."XP.34@
  584. M*2 Q-3$@4T(*9W(*9W,@,C$V." S,C,Q(# @,"!#0@HR,S0@,C Y,R W.2 H
  585. M0U<I(#<Y(%-""F=R"F=S(#(Q-C@@,S(S,2 P(# @0T(*-#$X(#(P.3,@,3(V
  586. M("@Q+C@Q." I(#$R-B!30@IG<@IG<R R,38X(#,R,S$@," P($-""C4X-B R
  587. M,#DS(#$U,2 H,RXU.#$U("D@,34Q(%-""F=R"F=S(#(Q-C@@,S(S,2 P(# @
  588. M0T(*-S4W(#(P.3,@,34Q("@W+C T-S4@*2 Q-3$@4T(*9W(*9W,@,C$V." S
  589. M,C,Q(# @,"!#0@HY,C@@,C Y,R Q-S8@*#$T+C T-S4@*2 Q-S8@4T(*9W(*
  590. M9W,@,C$V." S,C,Q(# @,"!#0@HQ,3,Y(#(P.3,@,3<V("@Q."XP.3<U("D@
  591. M,3<V(%-""F=R"F=S(#(Q-C@@,S(S,2 P(# @0T(*,3,U,2 R,#DS(#$W-B H
  592. M,C$N,#8W-2 I(#$W-B!30@IG<@IG<R R,38X(#,R,S$@," P($-""C$U-#4@
  593. M,C Y,R Q-S8@*#(X+C V-S4@*2 Q-S8@4T(*9W(*9W,@,C$V." S,C,Q(# @
  594. M,"!#0@HQ.#0X(#(P.3,@,C<X("@Q-#<N-34U($U(>BD@,C<X(%-""F=R"F=S
  595. M(#(Q-C@@,S(S,2 P(# @0T(*,C,T(#(Q-S$@,34S("A63TE#12D@,34S(%-"
  596. M"F=R"F=S(#(Q-C@@,S(S,2 P(# @0T(*-#$X(#(Q-S$@,3 Q("@S+CDY("D@
  597. M,3 Q(%-""F=R"F=S(#(Q-C@@,S(S,2 P(# @0T(*-3@V(#(Q-S$@,3 Q("@W
  598. M+C(Y("D@,3 Q(%-""F=R"F=S(#(Q-C@@,S(S,2 P(# @0T(*-S4W(#(Q-S$@
  599. M,3(V("@Q-"XR.2 I(#$R-B!30@IG<@IG<R R,38X(#,R,S$@," P($-""CDR
  600. M." R,3<Q(#$U,2 H,3@N,38P("D@,34Q(%-""F=R"F=S(#(Q-C@@,S(S,2 P
  601. M(# @0T(*,3$S.2 R,3<Q(#$R-B H,C$N,SD@*2 Q,C8@4T(*9W(*9W,@,C$V
  602. M." S,C,Q(# @,"!#0@HQ,S4Q(#(Q-S$@,3(V("@R."XU.2 I(#$R-B!30@IG
  603. M<@IG<R R,38X(#,R,S$@," P($-""C$U-#4@,C$W,2 R-S@@*#$T-RXU-34@
  604. M34AZ*2 R-S@@4T(*9W(*,3DS." W(#(R-2 R,# V($(*,2!&"FX*,3DS." W
  605. M(#(R-2 R,#<X($(*,2!&"FX*,3DS." W(#(R-2 R,34U($(*,2!&"FX*,3DS
  606. M." W(#(R-2 R,C,R($(*,2!&"FX*-R R,S0@,C(U(#(P,#8@0@HQ($8*;@HW
  607. M(#(S-" T,#4@,C P-B!""C$@1@IN"C<@,C,T(#4W,R R,# V($(*,2!&"FX*
  608. M-R R,S0@-S0T(#(P,#8@0@HQ($8*;@HW(#(S-" Y,30@,C P-B!""C$@1@IN
  609. M"C<@,C,T(#$Q,C8@,C P-B!""C$@1@IN"C<@,C,T(#$S,S@@,C P-B!""C$@
  610. M1@IN"C<@,C,T(#$U,S(@,C P-B!""C$@1@IN"C<@,C,T(#$X,S4@,C P-B!"
  611. M"C$@1@IN"C<@,C,T(#(Q-34@,C P-B!""C$@1@IN"C,R(# @," U," U," P
  612. M(# @," T-2 O5&EM97,M0F]L9$ET86QI8R O9F]N=#,P($%.4TE&;VYT(&9O
  613. M;G0*,C(U(#(S,#8@,3,S("A.;W1E<SHI(#$S,R!30@HQ(&QC"C$@;&H*," P
  614. M(# @<$,*," Q(%-0"C0@-" R,C@@,C0U,B!%"C$@1@I3"FX*,S(@," P(#4P
  615. M(#4P(# @," P(#0U("]4:6UE<RU2;VUA;B O9F]N=#,R($%.4TE&;VYT(&9O
  616. M;G0*,C@U(#(T,C(@,38X,R H5%190B!A<F4@-#4N-#4M8F%U9"!"875D;W0L
  617. M(#$Q,"UB875D($%30TE)(&%N9" Q,# M8F%U9"!!351/4BP@1D5#(&UO9&4I
  618. M(#$V.#,@4T(*-" T(#(R." R-3$P($4*,2!&"E,*;@HS,B P(# @-3 @-3 @
  619. M," P(# @-#4@+U1I;65S+5)O;6%N("]F;VYT,S(@04Y3249O;G0@9F]N= HR
  620. M.#4@,C0X," V.3<@*$-7($)U;&QE=&EN<R!A<F4@<V5N="!A=" Q."!74$TN
  621. M*2 V.3<@4T(*-" T(#(R." R-38X($4*,2!&"E,*;@HS,B P(# @-3 @-3 @
  622. M," P(# @-#4@+U1I;65S+5)O;6%N("]F;VYT,S(@04Y3249O;G0@9F]N= HR
  623. M.#4@,C4S." Q-S0V("A#4"!T97AT<R!A<F4@9G)O;2!14U0L('-O=7)C92!O
  624. M9B!E86-H(&ES(&=I=F5N(&%T(&)E9VEN;FEN9R!O9B!E86-H('!R86-T:6-E
  625. M(&%N9"!A="!T:&4I(#$W-#8@4T(*,C@U(#(U.38@-3DX("AB96=I;FYI;F<@
  626. M;V8@86QT97)N871E('-P965D<RXI(#4Y."!30@HT(#0@,C(X(#(V.#0@10HQ
  627. M($8*4PIN"C,R(# @," U," U," P(# @," T-2 O5&EM97,M4F]M86X@+V9O
  628. M;G0S,B!!3E-)1F]N="!F;VYT"C(X-2 R-C4U(#(W,R H4T-0(&ES(&%T(#4L
  629. M(#<I(#(W,R!30@HS,B P(# @-3 @-3 @," P(# @-#4@+U1I;65S+5)O;6%N
  630. M("]F;VYT,S(@04Y3249O;G0@9F]N= HU-3@@,C8U-2 S." H7#(W-2D@,S@@
  631. M4T(*-3DV(#(V-34@-#,P("@L(#$P+" Q,R!A;F0@,34@5U!-*2 T,S @4T(*
  632. M,S(@," P(#4P(#4P(# @," P(#0U("]4:6UE<RU2;VUA;B O9F]N=#,R($%.
  633. M4TE&;VYT(&9O;G0*,3 R-B R-C4U(#$S("@N*2 Q,R!30@HT(#0@,C(X(#(W
  634. M-#0@10HQ($8*4PIN"C,R(# @," U," U," P(# @," T-2 O5&EM97,M4F]M
  635. M86X@+V9O;G0S,B!!3E-)1F]N="!F;VYT"C(X-2 R-S$T(#DR.2 H1D-0(&ES
  636. M(&%T(#,U+" S,"P@,C4L(#(P+" Q-2P@,3,L(&%N9" Q,"!74$TN*2 Y,CD@
  637. M4T(*,2 C0PIS=&%T=7-D:6-T(&)E9VEN("]M86YU86QF965D(&9A;'-E('-T
  638. M;W)E(&5N9 I%2B!24PHE)5!A9V54<F%I;&5R"B4E4&%G95)E<V]U<F-E<SH@
  639. M9F]N="!4:6UE<RU";VQD"B4E*R!F;VYT(%1I;65S+4)O;&1)=&%L:6,*)24K
  640. M(&9O;G0@5&EM97,M4F]M86X*)254<F%I;&5R"E-61&]C(')E<W1O<F4*96YD
  641. M"B4E4&%G97,Z(#$*)2!4<G5E5'EP92!F;VYT(&YA;64@:V5Y.@HE(" @($U3
  642. M5%0S,6,R96(@/2 R9#@W1%1I;65S($YE=R!2;VUA;D8P,# P,# S,C P,# P
  643. M,3DP,# P, HE(" @($U35%0S,6,R9C@@/2 R9#@W1%1I;65S($YE=R!2;VUA
  644. M;D8P,# P,# S,C P,# P,F)C,# P, HE)41O8W5M96YT4W5P<&QI961297-O
  645. M=7)C97,Z('!R;V-S970@5VEN,S5$:6-T(#,@,0H*)25$;V-U;65N=$YE961E
  646. M9%)E<V]U<F-E<SH@9F]N="!4:6UE<RU";VQD"B4E*R!F;VYT(%1I;65S+4)O
  647. F;&1)=&%L:6,*)24K(&9O;G0@5&EM97,M4F]M86X*"B4E14]&"@1I
  648.  
  649. end
  650. -- 
  651. |  Name: Paul Schuh      
  652. |   Job: Physics Educatee
  653. | Email: pmschuh@unca.edu
  654.  
  655. ------------------------------
  656.  
  657. Date: Wed, 9 Mar 1994 09:11:49 GMT
  658. From: ihnp4.ucsd.edu!swrinde!gatech!wa4mei!ke4zv!gary@network.ucsd.edu
  659. To: info-hams@ucsd.edu
  660.  
  661. References <2lg5vo$err@news.delphi.com>, <1994Mar8.143141.29301@ke4zv.atl.ga.us>, <wilpwr.10.01ED6FC6@rsvl.unisys.com>
  662. Reply-To : gary@ke4zv.UUCP (Gary Coffman)
  663. Subject : Re: Keyboards at testing sessions
  664.  
  665. In article <wilpwr.10.01ED6FC6@rsvl.unisys.com> wilpwr@rsvl.unisys.com (Bill Powers) writes:
  666. >In article <1994Mar8.143141.29301@ke4zv.atl.ga.us> gary@ke4zv.atl.ga.us (Gary Coffman) writes:
  667. >
  668. >> Since most intercepted traffic is encoded, and most commercial
  669. >>traffic heavily abbreviated and filled with "commercial codes", flawless
  670. >>copy is mandatory or all meaning could be lost. That's what the FCC wants 
  671. >>on the test too, though the current amateur test doesn't require zero errors, 
  672. >>just one minute out of five perfect copy, or the answers to the multiple choice
  673. >>questions as the case may be. That level of performance would wash you out at 
  674. >>military or commercial levels of required accuracy.
  675. >
  676. >I seem to remember that back when I took my 13 wpm code test in the FCC 
  677. >offices in NYC,  the receiving portion of the test required only one solid 
  678. >minute out of five or so.  I don't remember whether the text was plain or 
  679. >code groups. Of course, there was also a sending test, using a straight key. 
  680. >
  681. >It was 1960 or 1961,  I was in high school, and intimidated by all the glory 
  682. >and grandeur of the Federal Gummint, so my memory may not be very accurate. 
  683. >The point is that, at least at that time, the FCC didn't require 100% accuracy 
  684. >for the entire test session, just a burst.
  685.  
  686. That's right, the FCC doesn't require the level of copy from amateurs that
  687. is required from military or commercial operators, and never has. My test
  688. in 1963 consisted of 5 letter code groups, sent and received, though I
  689. understand some field offices were using plain text tapes on their 
  690. Instructographs. Since the amateur service is supposed to be "self training",
  691. the exams are merely entrance exams. You're not expected to have developed
  692. complete mastery until you've actually done the "learning by doing" on the air.
  693.  
  694. Gary
  695.  
  696. -- 
  697. Gary Coffman KE4ZV          |    You make it,     | gatech!wa4mei!ke4zv!gary
  698. Destructive Testing Systems |    we break it.     | uunet!rsiatl!ke4zv!gary
  699. 534 Shannon Way             |    Guaranteed!      | emory!kd4nc!ke4zv!gary 
  700. Lawrenceville, GA 30244     |                     | 
  701.  
  702. ------------------------------
  703.  
  704. End of Info-Hams Digest V94 #266
  705. ******************************
  706.